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Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

(Alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.1)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the oxidation of alcohol and the reduction of aldehydes as shown below: 

	ADH
RCH2OH + NAD+  RCHO + NADH + H+
The enzyme occurs in various mammalian tissues but is found in relatively high concentrations in liver and kidney. It is a zinc-containing enzyme and is activated by glutathione and EDTA and inhibited by heavy metals. ADH from equine liver has a molecular weight of 80,000, while the yeast enzyme has a molecular weight of 141,000.

Alcohol dehydrogenase is widely used for the determination of ethanol in biological fluids. It can also be used in coupled enzyme reactions for determination of metabolites in biological fluids. It's optimum pH is 8.6 to 9.0 and it has an extension coefficient of 12.6 and isoelectric point is 5.4. The enzyme is activated with sulfhydryl reagents, like mercapethanol and dithiotreitol.



1.Source: Bakers Yeast
   Form: Freeze-dried powder 
   Solubility: Distilled water or dilute buffer 
   Stability: Store at -20° C (-4° F) 
   Activity (approx.): 300 U/mg protein 
   Protein (approx.): 90-95% (biuret) 
   Catalog No.: 054A0300 
$1.00/KU


The amount of enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of one micromole NAD+ per minute at 25°C and pH 8.8.


The increase in absorbance at 340 nm caused by the reduction of NAD+, is a measure of the catalytic activity of ADH (Vallee, B.L. and Hoch, F.L., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 41, 327, 1955).


  1. 0.05 M Sodium pyrophosphate buffer, pH 8.8.
  2. 96% Ethanol (substrate).
  3. 0.025 M NAD+ (16.7 mg/ml) in 0.01 M Tris-HCL buffer, pH 7.5. Prepare fresh.
  4. 0.01 M Tris-HCL buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA).
  5. Alcohol dehydrogenase (enzyme) - Dissolve sufficient amount of enzyme in 0.01 M Tris-HCL buffer containing 0.1% BSA, pH 7.5, to give a concentration of 0.1-0.5 U/ml. Prepare fresh immediately prior to assay.



  1. Set spectrophotometer (equipped with temperature control) at 340 nm and 25°C.
  2. In a cuvette pipette the following reagents in the amounts indicated: 
    Sodium pyrophosphate buffer      1.4 ml
NAD+                             1.4 ml
Ethanol (substrate)              0.1 ml
    Incubate cuvette in spectrophotometer, at 25°C for 5 min. to achieve temperature equilibration and then record absorbance at 340 nm (blank).
  3. Initiate the reaction by adding 0.1 ml of ADH (enzyme) solution to the cuvette. Record the increase in absorbance at 340 nm for 5 min.
  4. Calculate the (delta)E340nm/min



Activity (U/mg) = (ΔE340nm/min)(Total Vol.)(Enz. Diln.)
(6.22)(Enz. Vol.)(mg Enz./ml)
 

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